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@inproceedings{Tran2007SWIM:-an-altern,
	Address = {Darlinghurst, Australia, Australia},
	Author = {Tran, Minh Hong and Yang, Yun and Raikundalia, Gitesh K.},
	Booktitle = {AUIC '07: Proceedings of the eight Australasian conference on User interface},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-13 15:33:06 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-08-13 15:36:19 +0200},
	Isbn = {1-920682-46-5},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Tran,%20SWIM%20an%20alternative%20interface%20for%20MSN%20messenger.pdf},
	Location = {Ballarat, Victoria, Australia},
	Pages = {55--62},
	Publisher = {Australian Computer Society, Inc.},
	Title = {SWIM: an alternative interface for MSN messenger},
	Year = {2007}}

@inproceedings{Tran2005Supporting-awar,
	Address = {Narrabundah, Australia, Australia},
	Author = {Tran, Minh Hong and Yang, Yun and Raikundalia, Gitesh K.},
	Booktitle = {OZCHI '05: Proceedings of the 19th conference of the computer-human interaction special interest group (CHISIG) of Australia on Computer-human interaction},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-13 15:29:08 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-08-13 15:30:13 +0200},
	Isbn = {1-59593-222-4},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Tran,%20Supporting%20awareness%20in%20instant%20messaging%20an%20empirical.pdf},
	Location = {Canberra, Australia},
	Pages = {1--10},
	Publisher = {Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group (CHISIG) of Australia},
	Title = {Supporting awareness in instant messaging: an empirical study and mechanism design},
	Year = {2005}}

@inproceedings{Chen2002Achieving-effec,
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Chen, Milton},
	Booktitle = {MULTIMEDIA '02: Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-13 12:48:44 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-08-13 12:49:34 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/641007.641109},
	Isbn = {1-58113-620-X},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Chen,%20Achieving%20effective%20floor%20control%20with.pdf},
	Location = {Juan-les-Pins, France},
	Pages = {476--483},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Title = {Achieving effective floor control with a low-bandwidth gesture-sensitive videoconferencing system},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Boyera2007Can-the-mobile-,
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Boyera, Stephane},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-06 10:31:34 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-08-06 10:44:41 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1242421.1242433},
	Editor = {Marsden, Gary},
	Issn = {1072-5520},
	Journal = {interactions},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Boyera,%20Can%20the%20mobile%20web%20bridge%20the%20digital%20divide%3F.pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {12--14},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Title = {Can the mobile web bridge the digital divide?},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Buskens2004The-Free-Attitu,
	Author = {Buskens, Ineke},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-22 15:06:37 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-22 15:08:06 +0200},
	Journal = {Research For the Future},
	Month = {May},
	Pages = {1--6},
	Title = {Free Attitude Interview Manual},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Coffman2004Not-Your-Father,
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Coffman, James E.},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-21 15:13:58 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-21 15:14:34 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1028893.1028896},
	Issn = {1542-7730},
	Journal = {Queue},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/Not%20Your%20Father's%20PBX.webarchive},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {40--47},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Title = {Not Your Father's PBX?},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Walters2000Cellular-networ,
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Walters, Lourens O. and Kritzinger, P. S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-21 14:53:45 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-21 14:54:37 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355146.355149},
	Journal = {Crossroads},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/Cellular%20Networks-%20Past,%20Present,%20and%20Future.webarchive},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {4--ff35},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Title = {Cellular networks: past, present and future},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {2000}}

@inproceedings{Zou2006Real-time-voice,
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Zou, Jun and Zhao, Dongmei},
	Booktitle = {QShine '06: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Quality of service in heterogeneous wired/wireless networks},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-19 15:59:55 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-19 15:59:59 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1185373.1185435},
	Isbn = {1-59593-537-1},
	Location = {Waterloo, Ontario, Canada},
	Pages = {48},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Title = {Real-time voice traffic scheduling and its optimization in IEEE 802.11 infrastructure-based wireless mesh networks},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Derksen2006HSDPA-performan,
	Author = {Derksen, Jan and Jansen, Robert and Maijala, Markku and Westerberg, Erik},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-13 21:58:38 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 22:00:07 +0200},
	Journal = {Ericsson Review},
	Number = {3},
	Title = {{HSDPA} performance and evolution},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Haberland20043G-Evolution-to,
	Author = {Haberland, B. and Bloch, S. and Braun, V.},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-13 21:47:19 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 21:51:39 +0200},
	Journal = {Alcatel Telecommunications Review},
	Month = {December},
	Organization = {Alcatel},
	Title = {3{G} Evolution towards High Speed Downlink Packet Access},
	Year = {2003}}

@electronic{LimitedPDC-Personal-Di,
	Author = {Limited, SPG Media},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-13 15:55:06 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 22:05:30 +0200},
	Title = {{PDC} (Personal Digital Cellular) Telephone Technology},
	Url = {http://www.mobilecommstechnology.com/projects/pdc/},
	Urldate = {2007-03-15}}

@manual{2007Must-Have-Refer,
	Address = {155 East Collins Boulevard, Richardson, TX 75081, USA},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-13 15:40:08 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 15:42:42 +0200},
	Month = {January},
	Organization = {Anritsu Company},
	Title = {Must-Have Reference for Wireless Communication},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Bennett1997Piconet:-Embedd,
	Author = {Bennett, F. and Clarke, D. and Evans, J. and Hopper, A. and Jones, A. and Leask, D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-11 22:41:20 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-11 22:42:54 +0200},
	Journal = {IEEE Personal COmmunications},
	Month = {October},
	Number = {5},
	Title = {Piconet: Embedded Mobile Networking},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {1997}}

@book{Haartsen1998Bluetooth---The,
	Author = {Haartsen, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-11 22:33:20 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-11 22:36:58 +0200},
	Number = {3},
	Publisher = {Ericsson Review},
	Title = {Bluetooth - The universal radio interface for ad hoc wireless connectivity},
	Year = {1998}}

@inproceedings{Salonidis2001Distributed-top,
	Abstract = {In recent years, wireless ad hoc networks have been a growing area of research. While there has been considerable research on the topic of routing in such networks, the topic of topology creation has not received due attention. This is because almost all ad hoc networks to date have been built on top of a single channel, broadcast based wireless media, such as 802.11 or IR LANs. For such networks the distance relationship between the nodes implicitly (and uniquely) determines the topology of the ad hoc network. Bluetooth is a promising new wireless technology, which enables portable devices to form short-range wireless ad hoc networks and is based on a frequency hopping physical layer. This fact implies that hosts are not able to communicate unless they have previously discovered each other by synchronizing their frequency hopping patterns. Thus, even if all nodes are within direct communication range of each other, only those nodes which are synchronized with the transmitter can hear the transmission. To support any-to-any communication, nodes must be synchronized so that the pairs of nodes (which can communicate with each other) together form a connected graph. Using Bluetooth as an example, this paper first provides deeper insights into the issue to link establishment in frequency hopping wireless systems. It then introduces the Bluetooth Topology Costruction Protocol (BTCP), an asynchronous distributed protocol for constructing scatternets which starts with nodes that have no knowledge of their surroundings and terminates with the formation of a  connected network satisfying all connectivity constraints posed by the Bluetooth technology. To the best of our knowledge, the work presented in this paper is the first attempt at building Bluetooth scatternets using distributed logic and is quite ``practical'' in the sense that it can be implemented using the communication primitives offered by the Bluetooth 1.0 specifications. },
	Author = {Salonidis, Theodoros and Bhagwat, Pravin and Tassiulas, Leandros and LaMaire, Richard},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-11 20:12:03 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 23:57:42 +0200},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Salonidis,%20Distributed%20topology%20construction%20of%20Bluetooth%20personal.pdf},
	Title = {Distributed topology construction of Bluetooth personal area networks},
	Year = {2001}}

@manual{2006Enabler-Release,
	Date-Added = {2007-05-11 14:28:32 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-11 14:31:32 +0200},
	Edition = {Approved Version 1.0.1},
	Month = {November},
	Organization = {Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)},
	Title = {Enabler Release Definition for Push-to-Talk over Cellular},
	Year = {2006}}

@manual{3GPP2004TS23.228-IP-Mul,
	Author = {{3GPP}},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-11 14:14:39 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 22:05:12 +0200},
	Organization = {{3GPP}},
	Title = {{TS23.228,} {IP} Multimedia Subsystem {(IMS)}; Stage 2 (Release 6)},
	Year = {2004}}

@manual{GSM-03.60-Gener,
	Date-Added = {2007-05-11 14:01:34 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 22:04:56 +0200},
	Title = {{GSM} 03.60, General Packet Radio Service {(GPRS)}; Service Description}}

@inproceedings{Satapathy2001A-novel-co-exis,
	Abstract = {In the unlicensed spectrum, any device is free to transmit without a license. Such a spectrum has significant benefits, but serious challenges must first be overcome. Foremost is the risk of drastic performance degradation due to a lack of incentive to conserve shared resources. Previous work has identified this problem for devices that transmit for longer duration than necessary. This paper demonstrates this problem for devices that always transmit at maximum power to maximize throughput. For devices that can vary transmission power, the problem is solved if devices reduce transmission power when received interference exceeds defined thresholds. We propose a co-existence algorithm to optimize system throughput when each of two such devices can transmit up to the maximum power allowed on a given channel. We show the device performance with current unlicensed band regulations is rarely optimal, and that the proposed algorithm is better.},
	Author = {Satapathy, D.P. and Peha, J.M.},
	Booktitle = {Procceding of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2001},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-11 09:49:23 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:41:46 +0200},
	Month = {June},
	Pages = {2845--2849},
	Title = {A novel co-existence algorithm for unlicensed variable powerdevices},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Chakravorty2002Performance-Iss,
	Annote = {unfortunately tcp doesn't work well over wireless links.!!},
	Author = {Chakravorty, Rajiv and Pratt, Ian},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-11 09:21:30 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-11 13:41:58 +0200},
	Journal = {Journal of Communications and Networks (JCN)},
	Title = {Performance Issues with General Packet Radio Service},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Cai1997General-packet-,
	Abstract = {In the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Phase 2+ development, one major activity is to specify the general packet radio service (GPRS). The standardization is expected to be completed at the end of 1997. The purpose of GPRSI like other packet data services, is to efficiently accommodate data sources that are bursty in nature. Another important goal of the technology is to make it possible for GSM license holders to share physical resources on a dynamic, flexible basis between packet data services and other GSM services. The authors present a detailed description of the GPRS system, emphasizing the radio link protocol, and demonstrate its performance. The performance measures have been obtained from the WINLAB GPRS simulator},
	Author = {Cai, Jain and Goodman, D.j},
	Date-Added = {2007-05-11 09:14:30 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:40:59 +0200},
	Journal = {Communications Magazine, IEEE},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Cai,%20General%20packet%20radio%20service%20in%20GSM.pdf},
	Month = {October},
	Number = {10},
	Pages = {122--131},
	Title = {General packet radio service in {GSM}},
	Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?isnumber=13573&arnumber=623996&type=ref},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{294390,
	Address = {Piscataway, NJ, USA},
	Author = {Kim, Peter},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-26 15:41:42 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 23:57:42 +0200},
	Doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/90.731202},
	Issn = {1063-6692},
	Journal = {IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Kim,%20Deterministic%20service%20guarantees%20in%20IEEE%20802.12.pdf},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {645--658},
	Publisher = {IEEE Press},
	Title = {Deterministic service guarantees in {IEEE} 802.12 networks\---part I: the single-hub case},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Wang2005A-cross-layer-a,
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Annote = {Here they talk about the two modes of wireless access. These are the Access Point mode and the Ad Hoc mode.},
	Author = {Wang, Kuang-Ching and Ramanathan, Parameswaran},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-26 15:38:53 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 09:00:21 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1145911.1145919},
	Issn = {1383-469X},
	Journal = {Mobile Networks and Applications},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Wang,%20A%20cross-layer%20approach%20for%20concurrent%20delay%20and%20throughput.pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {341--353},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Title = {A cross-layer approach for concurrent delay and throughput assurances in multihop wireless hotspots},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{581299,
	Abstract = {We examine the queuing dynamics at nodes in an ad hoc mobile network and evaluate network performance under different packet scheduling algorithms using Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) as the underlying routing protocols. Typically, packet schedulers in ad hoc networks give priority to control packets over data packets and serve data packets in FIFO order. We find that setting priorities among data packets can decrease end-to-end packet delay significantly. In particular, we find that among the algorithms we studied, those that give priority to data packets with short distance metrics show the smallest delay and the highest throughput, without increasing routing overhead. In addition, we show that with both DSR and GPSR, giving priority to control packets over data packets affects the performance significantly when mobility is high. With DSR, giving priority to control packets reduces the average delay. In contrast, with GPSR, this scheduler increases the average delay.

},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Chun, Byung-Gon and Baker, Mary},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-26 15:37:24 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 23:57:42 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/581291.581299},
	Issn = {1559-1662},
	Journal = {ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Chun,%20Evaluation%20of%20packet%20scheduling%20algorithms%20in%20mobile.pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {36--49},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Title = {Evaluation of packet scheduling algorithms in mobile ad hoc networks},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {2002}}

@inproceedings{Kanodia2001Distributed-mul,
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Kanodia, V. and Li, C. and Sabharwal, A. and Sadeghi, B. and Knightly, E.},
	Booktitle = {MobiCom '01: Proceedings of the 7th Annual international Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-26 15:05:58 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:40 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/381677.381697},
	Isbn = {1-58113-422-3},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Kanodia,%20Distributed%20multi-hop%20scheduling%20and%20medium%20access.pdf},
	Location = {Rome, Italy},
	Pages = {200--209},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Title = {Distributed multi-hop scheduling and medium access with delay and throughput constraints},
	Year = {2001}}

@inproceedings{Berry1998Open-distribute,
	Abstract = {Coordination languages have recently been attracting significant attention as a means of programming parallel and distributed systems. The approach of separating coordination from computation is particularly attractive in distributed systems because there are a wide range of possible interaction, quality and reliability semantics that are either hidden or ignored by traditional infrastructures based on remote procedure call. Introducing an explicit, programmable model for the distributed infrastructure makes these semantics visible and tractable, without requiring substantial changes in distributed components. This paper presents Finesse, a language for describing the interaction of components in open distributed systems, and demonstrates its power through a number of examples. },
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Berry, Andrew and Kaplan, Simon},
	Booktitle = {SAC '98: Proceedings of the 1998 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-26 15:03:15 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:40 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/330560.330666},
	Isbn = {0-89791-969-6},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Berry,%20Open,%20distributed%20coordination%20with%20finesse.pdf},
	Location = {Atlanta, Georgia, United States},
	Pages = {178--184},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Title = {Open, distributed coordination with finesse},
	Year = {1998}}

@inproceedings{Estrin1999Next-century-ch,
	Abstract = {Networked sensors-those that coordinate amongst themselves to achieve a larger sensing task-will revolutionize information gathering and processing both in urban environments and in inhospitable terrain. The sheer numbers of these sensors and the expected dynamics in these environments present unique challenges in the design of unattended autonomous sensor networks. These challenges lead us to hypothesize that sensor network coordination applications may need to be structured differently from traditional network applications. In particular, we believe that localized algorithms (in which simple local node behavior achieves a desired global objective) may be necessary for sensor network coordination. In this paper, we describe localized algorithms, and then discuss directed diffusion, a simple communication model for describing localized algorithms.},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Estrin, Deborah and Govindan, Ramesh and Heidemann, John and Kumar, Satish},
	Booktitle = {MobiCom '99: Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM/IEEE international Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-26 14:48:17 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:40 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/313451.313556},
	Isbn = {1-58113-142-9},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Estrin,%20Next%20century%20challenges%20scalable%20coordination.pdf},
	Location = {Seattle, Washington, United States},
	Pages = {263--270},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Title = {Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Fukuda1998Distributed-coo,
	Abstract = {Messengers is a paradigm for the programming of distributed systems. It is based on the principles of autonomous messages, called Messengers, which carry their own behavior in the form of a program. This enables them to navigate freely in the underlying computational network, communicate with one another, and invoke compiled node-resident C functions in the nodes they visit. Hence, a distributed application is viewed as a collection of C functions whose invocation and interoperation is orchestrated by Messengers. This provides for a clear separation between computations, as expressed by the individual node functions, and coordination, which is the order of function invocations and the transport of information among them as prescribed by Messengers. This separation allows each layer to be designed and implemented separately. It also supports the reuse of the coordination structures and the interactive and incremental development and use of distributed applications.},
	Author = {Fukuda, Munehiro and Bic, Lubomir F. and Dillencourt, Michael B. and Merchant, Fehmina},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-26 14:36:24 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:41:29 +0200},
	Journal = {Science of Computer Programming},
	Keywords = {Coordination; Mobile agents; Navigation; Distributed Computing; Simulation},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Fukuda,%20Distributed%20coordination%20with%20Coordination%20Models,.pdf},
	Number = {2-3},
	Pages = {291--311},
	Title = {Distributed coordination with Coordination Models, Languages and Architectures},
	Ty = {JOUR},
	Url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V17-3TCMS2B-6/2/92819b09d77810fe991e333207a385fe},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Ramamritham1989Distributed-Sch,
	Abstract = {A set of four heuristic algorithms is presented to schedule tasks that have headlines and resource requirements in a distributed system. When a task arrives at a node, the local scheduler at that node attempts to guarantee that the task will complete execution on that node before its deadline. If the attempt fails, the scheduling components on individual nodes cooperate to determine which other node in the system has sufficient resource surplus to guarantee the task. Simulation studies are performed to compare the performance of these algorithms with respect to each other as well to two baselines. The first baseline is the noncooperative algorithm where a task that cannot be guaranteed locally is not sent to any other node. The second is an (ideal) algorithm that behaves exactly like the bidding algorithm but incurs no communication overheads. The simulation studies examine how communication delay, task laxity, load differences on the nodes, and task computation times affect the performance of the algorithms. The results show that distributed scheduling is effective even in a hard real-time environment and that the relative performance of these algorithms is a function of the system state.},
	Address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
	Author = {Ramamritham, K. and Stankovic, J.A. and Zhao, W.},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-26 14:22:05 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:41:21 +0200},
	Doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/12.30866},
	Issn = {0018-9340},
	Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Ramamritham,%20Distributed%20Scheduling%20of%20Tasks%20with%20Deadlines.pdf},
	Number = {8},
	Pages = {1110--1123},
	Publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	Title = {Distributed Scheduling of Tasks with Deadlines and Resource Requirements},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {1989}}

@manual{Feitelson2006Experimental-Co,
	Abstract = {The culture of computer science emphasizes novelty and self-containment, leading to a fragmentation where each research project strives to create its own unique world. This approach is quite distinct from experimentation as it is known in other sciences --- i.e. based on observations, hypothesis testing, and reproducibility --- that is based on a presupposed common world. But there are many cases in which such experimental procedures can lead to interesting research results even in computer science. It is therefore proposed that greater acceptance of such activities would be beneficial and should be fostered.},
	Address = {91904 Jerusalem, Israel},
	Annote = {Check out page 23. It has some interesting notes on hypothesis development and testing.},
	Author = {Feitelson, Dror G.},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-26 12:44:15 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:40 +0200},
	Keywords = {Experimental Computer Science, Methodology, Hypothesis},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Feitelson,%20Experimental%20Computer%20Science%20The%20Need%20for%20a%20Cultural.pdf},
	Month = {December},
	Organization = {The Hebrew University of Jerusalem School of Computer Science and Engineering},
	Title = {Experimental Computer Science: The Need for a Cultural Change},
	Url = {http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~feit/papers/exp05.pdf},
	Year = {2006}}

@webpage{Equivalence-Ptd-Ltd2003Codec-Bandwidth,
	Author = {Equivalence Ptd Ltd, Inc},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-23 10:10:52 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:28 +0200},
	Lastchecked = {April 2007},
	Month = {December},
	Title = {Codec Bandwidth and Latency Calculations},
	Url = {http://www.openh323.org/docs/bandwidth.html},
	Year = {2003}}

@webpage{Cisco-Systems2002Quality-of-Serv,
	Author = {Cisco Systems, Inc.},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-23 10:04:36 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:28 +0200},
	Keywords = {Voice over IP, QoS},
	Lastchecked = {April 2007},
	Month = {April},
	Title = {Quality of Service for Voice over IP},
	Url = {http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/intsolns/qossol/qosvoip.htm},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Lakshmipathy2004SimPhony---a-vo,
	Abstract = {This paper describes SimPhony --- a mobile, voice-controlled, voice communication system built on a PDA and designed specifically for distributed workgroups. SimPhony supports one-to-one or one-to-many communication with voice instant messages or synchronous audio transmitted over an IEEE802.11b wireless network, and it transitions between different communication styles as messages become more frequent. The SimPhony interface looks much like an instant messaging client but is accessible through a voice or visual interface on the PDA or a voice interface accessible by any telephone. SimPhony was designed specifically for, and with critique from, technicians working in a large semiconductor fabrication plant.},
	Author = {Lakshmipathy, Vidya and Schmandt, Chris},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-16 12:03:33 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:38:44 +0200},
	Journal = {BT Technology Journal},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Lakshmipathy,%20SimPhony%20-%20a%20voice%20communication%20tool%20for%20distributed.pdf},
	Month = {October},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {52--61},
	Title = {SimPhony - a voice communication tool for distributed workgroups},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/ku01584746270467/},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Tucker2007Reflection-on-t,
	Abstract = {This paper reports on three years of research and fieldwork with a rural wireless Internet Protocol communication project. We built a long-range WiFi network and custom communication software to support a rural telehealth project in the remote Eastern Cape. We report on our work using cellular networks, devices and applications as reference technologies because out users and beneficiaries are very comfortable with them. Of most concern are the technological and contextual issues affecting take up of the systems we designed. The paper intends to provide a summary analysis of our experience so that others in the field can learn from our successes and mistakes with respect to rural Information and Communication Technology for Developments (ICT4D) in a South Africa context.},
	Author = {Tucker, William David and Blake, Edwin H. and Marsden, Gary and Pearson, Murray and Westerveld, Rudi},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-16 10:34:07 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:28 +0200},
	Month = {April},
	Title = {Reflection on three years of rural wireless Internet Protocol communication research and fieldwork},
	Year = {2007}}

@inproceedings{Olorunda2006Bridging-the-Di,
	Abstract = {This study on the social and cultural impact of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) in 
developing countries shows that the percentage of traditional telephony systems in 
developing countries currently migrating to VoIP is negligible and the combination of 
obstacles of natural and inevitable elements can continue to impede migration, make 
transition slow and negligible.  

According to this study, the use of the Internet in Nigeria for business, correspondence, 
banking, governance, instant messaging and gaming in the past five years has 
increased rapidly and people especially the educated are depending more on the 
Internet as a major source of communication. However, pertinent issues like network 
security, privacy, content management, incessant power outages and synchronized 
application delivery must be addressed in other to engender an effective and efficient 
system.  

Another factor to consider in the transition to IP-based communications and media 
services in developing countries is the monopoly of the traditional telecommunication 
industry by the government and the difficulty in implementing change in the society. The 
consumption shift and consumer demands in the developing world have engineered the 
need for a convergence of technology solutions to telecommunication in the developing 
countries, for instance in Nigeria the rate at which Internet telephony is impacting on the 
call pattern of people for International calls is intriguing and progressively captivating. 
The quantum leap in this area compared to what used to be a mere 5 years ago is 
nothing short of a `leap-frogging' by this nation from obsolete communication technology 
to cutting edge technology without a transition.
  
This study has been able to identify that the transition to full Internet Protocol (IP) in 
telephony in developing countries can only be achieved if major players like policy 
makers and regulators work in unison with service providers and vendors to ensure a 
probable solution to IP-based converged services. The salutary role of the private sector 
in such an initiative will remain crucial for expected results to be achieved. It also 
identified that today's world is shaped by availability of information and ability to 
communicate, both of which are enabled through the advancement of the computer as a 
hub of our everyday existence.},
	Author = {Olorunda, Olufunmilola and Olorunda, Ayodeji},
	Booktitle = {PTC'06: Proceedings of the 28th Annual PTC Telecommunications Conference and Exhibition},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-12 17:10:40 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 22:03:44 +0200},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Olorunda,%20Bridging%20the%20Digital%20Divide%20--%20The%20Social%20and%20Cultural.pdf},
	Month = {January},
	Title = {Bridging the Digital Divide -- The Social and Cultural Impact of {VoIP} in Developing Countries: Nigeria as a Case Study},
	Year = {2006}}

@inproceedings{Towards-a-Real-,
	Annote = {Challenges in MANets
- Frequent unannounced disconnections
- message delay and lass, and
- Intermittent connectivity between hosts},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-10 13:47:46 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:28 +0200},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Towards a Real-Time Coordination Model for Mobile Computing}}

@inproceedings{Lee2005Reinventing-Com,
	Abstract = {This paper studies models of computation, software techniques and analytic models for distributed timed systems. By "Timed systems" we mean those where timeliness is an essential part of the behaviour. By "distributed systems" we mean computation systems that are interconnected on a network. Applications of timed distributed systems include industrial automation, distributed immersive environments, advanced instrumentation systems, networked control systems, and many modern embedded software systems that integrate networking. `the introduction of network time protocols such are NTP (at a coarse granularity) and IEEE 1588 (at a fine granularity) make possible time coherence that has not traditional been part of the computational models in networked systems. The main question we address in this paper is: Given time synchronization with some known precision, how does this change how distributed applications are design and developed? A second question we address is: How can time synchronization help with realizing coordinated real-time events?},
	Author = {Lee, Edward A. and Zhao, Yang},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Monterey Workshop on Networked Systems with special focus on realization of reliable systems on top of unreliable networked platforms},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-05 10:29:58 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:39:02 +0200},
	Editor = {Kordon, Fabrice and Sztipanovits, Janos},
	Month = {September},
	Pages = {1--25},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
	Title = {Reinventing Computing for Real Time},
	Volume = {4322},
	Year = {2005}}

@inproceedings{Li2001Capacity-of-Ad-,
	Abstract = {Early simulation experience with wireless ad hoc networks suggests that their capacity can be surprisingly low, due to the requirement that nodes forward each others' packets. The achievable capacity depends on network size, traffic patterns, and detailed local radio interactions. This paper examines these factors alone and in combination, using simulation and analysis from first principles. Our results include both specific constants and general scaling relationships helpful in understanding the limitations of wireless ad hoc networks.

We examine interactions of the 802.11 MAC and ad hoc forwarding and the effect on capacity for several simple configurations and traffic patterns. While 802.11 discovers reasonably good schedules, we nonetheless observe capacities markedly less than optimal for very simple chain and lattice networks with very regular traffic patterns. We validate some simulation results with experiments.

We also show that the traffic pattern determines whether an ad hoc network's per node capacity will scale to large networks. In particular, we show that for total capacity to scale up with network size the average distance between source and destination nodes must remain small as the network grows. Non-local traffic-patterns in which this average distance grows with the network size result in a rapid decrease of per node capacity. Thus the question ``Are large ad hoc networks feasible?'' reduces to a question about the likely locality of communication in such networks.},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Annote = {Focus on static networks because in real life situations the nodes do note move significant distances during packet transit times. They thus used this assumption when doing capacity analysis.

},
	Author = {Li, Jinyang and Blake, Charles and {De Couto}, Douglas S. J. and Lee, Hu Imm and Morris, Robert},
	Booktitle = {MobiCom '01: Proceedings of the 7th annual international Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking},
	Date-Added = {2007-04-02 18:16:30 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:28 +0200},
	Isbn = {1-58113-422-3},
	Keywords = {Ad Hoc Network, Wireless Network, WiFi, Performance},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Li,%20Capacity%20of%20Ad%20Hoc%20Wireless%20Networks.pdf},
	Pages = {61--69},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Capacity of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks},
	Url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/381677.381684},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Bhagwat2004Turning-802.11-,
	Abstract = {he past decade has seen communication revolution in the form of cellular telephony as well as the Internet, but much of it has been restricted to the developed world and metro pockets in the developing world. While the use of cellular technologies can cut down on the time to deploy access networks, the cost economics make this non-viable in growing telecom economies. In the Digital Gangetic Plains (DGP) project, we are exploring the use of 802.11 as a long-distance access technology. 802.11 is currently cost-priced due to competitive mass production and hence is attractive for low cost and rapid deployment in rural areas.We have built an extensive testbed in a rural setting consisting of multi-hop directional 802.11 links, the testbed spanning up to 80km at its longest. To our knowledge such a long-distance, multi-hop testbed based on 802.11 is unique thus far. While 802.11 is attractive in terms of cost economics, it was inherently designed for indoor use. Our novel use of the technology for outdoor, long-distance access links presents several challenges. Our experience with the testbed has brought several research as well as operational issues to the fore. In this paper, we describe the novel technical challenges that lie ahead in using 802.11 to bridge the digital divide.},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Bhagwat, Pravin and Raman, Bhaskaran and Sanghi, Dheeraj},
	Date-Added = {2007-03-20 09:57:16 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:38:10 +0200},
	Journal = {ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Bhagwat,%20Turning%20802.11%20inside-out.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {33--38},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Turning 802.11 inside-out},
	Url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/972374.972381},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Kurkowski2005MANET-simulatio,
	Abstract = {Simulation is the research tool of choice for a majority of the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) community. However, while the use of simulation has increased, the credibility of the simulation results has decreased. To determine the state of MANET simulation studies, we surveyed the 2000-2005 proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc). From our survey, we found significant shortfalls. We present the results of our survey in this paper. We then summarize common simulation study pitfalls found in our survey. Finally, we discuss the tools available that aid the development of rigorous simulation studies. We offer these results to the community with the hope of improving the credibility of MANET simulation-based studies.},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Annote = {Highlights the fact that there is a "Design of Experiments" (DOE) community.

They claim that for a study to be unbiased it needs to look at several issues
* Initialisation bias
* Random number issues
* Use a variety of scenarios
(Only time to use a single scenario is when you want to disprove something, or show a limitation of something).

To be a rigorous study
* Node density
* Node footprint
* Coverage
* Transmission speed and range

To be statistically sound
* Count for initialisation bias
* Execute a number of simulation iterations
* Provide the confidence levels that exist in the results
* List any statistical assumptions made

SIMULATOR AND ENVIRONMENT
* State where code can be found
* State which simulator was used
* State which operating system was used
* State machine specs
* Address Initialisation bias
* Address the type of simulation
* Address the PRNG used

SIMULATION INPUT PARAMETERS
* State the number of nodes used in the study
* State the size of the simulation area
* State the transmission range
* State the simulation duration
* State the traffic send rate
* State the traffic type (CBR, etc)
* State the number of iterations
* State if you use mobility
* State the mean speed of the nodes
* State the speed variance about the mean
* State the mean pause time of the nodes
* State the pause time variable about the mean
* State which mobility model was used (Waypoint mobility model, Steady-State Version of the Random Waypoint Mobility Model, Group Mobility Model, Grid/road Mobility Model, Random Direction Mobility Model).

GRAPHS
* Use plots to illustrate the simulation results
* Use confidence intervals on the plots
* Show legends on graph
* Show units on the axes

=== COMMON SIMULATION PITFALLS ===
SIMULATION SETUP
* Determining simulation type (terminating versus steady-state)
* Validating the model
* Validating the PRNG
* Defining the variables
* Developing scenarios


},
	Author = {Kurkowski, Stuart and Camp, Tracy and Colagrosso, Michael},
	Date-Added = {2007-03-19 14:21:06 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:40:31 +0200},
	Journal = {ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review},
	Keywords = {Simulation, Modelling, MANET, Mobile Ad Hoc Network, Wireless Network},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Kurkowski,%20MANET%20simulation%20studies%20the%20incredibles.pdf},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {50--61},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{MANET} simulation studies: the incredibles},
	Url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1096166.1096174},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2005}}

@mastersthesis{Akerfeldt2005Push-to-Talk-ov,
	Author = {Akerfeldt, Erik},
	Date-Added = {2007-03-12 02:25:17 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:28 +0200},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Akerfeldt,%20Push-to-Talk%20over%20Cellular%20over%20High.pdf},
	Month = {January},
	Read = {Yes},
	School = {KTH Signals Sensors and Systems},
	Title = {Push-to-Talk over Cellular over High Speed Downlink Packet Access - A Performance Evaluation},
	Year = {2005}}

@inproceedings{Peng2000On-the-reductio,
	Abstract = {Flooding in mobile ad hoc networks has poor scalability as it leads to serious redundancy, contention and collision. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach to reduce the broadcast redundancy. In our approach, local topology information and the statistical information about the duplicate broadcasts are utilized to avoid unnecessary rebroadcasts. Simulation is conducted to compare the performance of our approach and flooding. The simulation results demonstrate the advantages of our approach. It can greatly reduce the redundant messages, thus saving much network bandwidth and energy. It can also enhance the reliability of broadcasting. It can be used in static or mobile wireless networks to implement scalable broadcast or multicast communications.},
	Address = {Piscataway, NJ, USA},
	Author = {Peng, Wei and Lu, Xi-Cheng},
	Booktitle = {MobiHoc '00: Proceedings of the 1st ACM international Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking \& Computing},
	Date-Added = {2007-03-12 02:07:31 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:40:01 +0200},
	Pages = {129--130},
	Publisher = {IEEE Press},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {On the reduction of broadcast redundancy in mobile ad hoc networks},
	Url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=514171&dl=GUIDE&coll=GUIDE#},
	Year = {2000}}

@mastersthesis{Burman2004Push-to-talk-in,
	Abstract = {Push-to-talk is a walkie-talkie type of service over mobile phones. By combining 
the benefits of a walkie-talkie and a mobile phone it creates a fast, cheap and easy 
way to communicate with multiple people at once. Push-to-talk services already 
exist but they only work within their own system. To eliminate this problem and 
achieve interoperability between operators, terminals and networks a 
specification, Push-to-talk over Cellular, is being constructed. It is a jointly 
developed specification by mobile industry leaders, Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola 
and Siemens.  
 
This master thesis studies the specification for PoC and investigates to what 
extend it can be applied to the Japanese mobile cellular system PDC. A prototype 
of a push-to-talk system, following the PoC specification, has also been 
implemented.  },
	Author = {Burman, Olof},
	Date-Added = {2007-03-12 01:35:36 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 22:03:13 +0200},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Burman,%20Push-to-talk%20in%20PDC%20Packet%20data%20network.pdf},
	Month = {October},
	Read = {Yes},
	School = {Ume{\aa} University},
	Title = {Push-to-talk in {PDC} Packet data network},
	Year = {2004}}

@inproceedings{Malaney2005Seeking-VoIP-Qo,
	Abstract = {In this report we introduce a "QoS Seeker" system for VoIP over 802.11b. QoS Seeker addresses the realistic situation where the QoS delivered to an end user's wireless VoIP application is a complex function of location and time. It attempts to dynamically inform the user of the location he should go to in order to obtain the optimal QoS for the current VoIP connection. To achieve its goals QoS Seeker continuously collects position information and VoIP QoS metrics - such as packet loss, packet delay, and received signal strength, from all connected users. This information is coupled to adaptive prediction technology in order to predict the future QoS metrics at all locations within the area spanned by the wireless network. We present results from various experiments of this system, where the positioning information is obtained from GPS devices embedded on mobile laptop systems and smaller hand-held devices. We also present simulations of a large scale QoS Seeker system which determines the conditions under which QoS Seeker would not function usefully. The effect of realistic position errors are also investigated on both real data and simulated data, and the usefulness of the predictive algorithms embedded within QoS Seeker are analyzed. Both the experiments and simulations show the viability and usefulness of the QoS Seeker system for VoIP applications in a wide range of circumstances.

},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Malaney, Robert A. and Exposito, Ernesto and Wei, Xun},
	Booktitle = {WMASH '05: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international Workshop on Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots},
	Date-Added = {2007-03-12 00:08:54 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:38:50 +0200},
	Keywords = {Voice over IP, Wireless Network, WiFi, Location},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Malaney,%20Seeking%20VoIP%20QoS%20in%20physical%20space.pdf},
	Month = {September},
	Pages = {23--32},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Seeking {VoIP QoS} in physical space},
	Url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1080730.1080735},
	Year = {2005}}

@inproceedings{Stuedi2006SymPhone:-desig,
	Abstract = {VoIP is born from the growing Internet infrastructure, which has over the years seen significant improvements in both bandwidth and end-to-end latency. In this paper, we explore making VoIP available on a mobile phone. For that purpose, we propose an architecture and describe the various components involved. Data entering and leaving the mobile phone is encapsulated in a wireless Bluetooth connection. The bridge to the Internet is provided by a linux Bluetooth access point. The system is compatible with current VoIP standards using RTP and SIP for data and signaling transmission, respectively. It has been tested to work in combination with several known softphones. Both RTP and SIP stack are built on top of a special IP emulation layer on the mobile phone, which has been developed to facilitate the migration of the application onto devices having a direct IP binding available for Bluetooth such as BNEP (Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol). Apart from presenting design and implementation details, the paper also provides measurement results with regard to delay and session setup time and discusses certain limitations of the application evolving from restrictions imposed by the mobile phone's programming platform.},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Stuedi, Patrick and Frei, Andreas and Burdet, Luc and Alonso, Gustavo},
	Booktitle = {WMASH '06: Proceedings of the 4th international Workshop on Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots},
	Date-Added = {2007-03-11 23:31:47 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:38:39 +0200},
	Keywords = {SIP, Voice over IP, Bluetooth, Symbian},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Stuedi,%20SymPhone%20design%20and%20implementation%20of%20a%20VoIP%20peer.pdf},
	Month = {September},
	Pages = {63--70},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {SymPhone: design and implementation of a {VoIP} peer for Symbian mobile phones using Bluetooth and {SIP}},
	Url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1161023.1161034},
	Year = {2006}}

@inproceedings{Ronnholm2006Push-to-Talk-ov,
	Abstract = {Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) is an emerging service enabling a walkie-talkie-like service over GPRS. An open standard for PoC has been specified by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) [1]. OMA PoC is based on an IP/UDP/RTP protocol stack and a client-server based architecture. Group management, floor control1 etc are administered by PoC servers. The systems exploits the SIP signalling capabilities of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) [2].

The objective of this paper is to propose an outline for a Push-to-Talk (PTT) system that utilizes a Bluetooth scatternet and the Personal Area Networking (PAN) profile for data communications [3], [4]. The proposed system is thus fully independent of cellular networks. A reasonable range of several hundred meters can be obtained with multihop communications between Bluetooth class 1 devices, whose range is up to 100 m. The proposed outline for Push-to-Talk over Bluetooth (PoB) comprises e.g. methods for group formation, network formation, communication, and floor control. The network formation method, which can be utilized in other applications as well, is based on creating a scatternet among a predefined set of devices and on avoiding loops. This approach enables usage of a simple broadcasting based communication method, in which the devices bridging the piconets into a scatternet act as repeaters.},
	Address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
	Annote = {in addition to the bluetooth scatternet sections, he also talk about other interesting aspects regarding the performance requirements. something which I really like is the talk about the codecs and the amount of bandwidth needed by them. Also spoken about is the delay of 1 second associated with the highly packaged codec.},
	Author = {R{\"o}nnholm, Valter},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06) Track 9},
	Date-Added = {2007-03-11 13:29:31 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 15:01:52 +0200},
	Keywords = {Push to Talk, Bluetooth},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/R%C3%B6nnholm,%20Push-to-Talk%20over%20Bluetooth.pdf},
	Pages = {232c},
	Publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Push-to-Talk over Bluetooth},
	Url = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.404},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2006}}

@inproceedings{Ni1999The-broadcast-s,
	Abstract = {Broadcasting is a common operation in a network to resolve many issues. In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in particular, due to host mobility, such operations are expected to be executed more frequently (such as finding a route to a particular host, paging a particular host, and sending an alarm signal). Because radio signals are likely to overlap with others in a geographical area, a straightforward broadcasting by flooding is usually very costly and will result in serious redundancy, contention, and collision, to which we refer as the broadcast storm problem. In this paper, we identify this problem by showing how serious it is through analyses and simulations. We propose several schemes to reduce redundant rebroadcasts and differentiate timing of rebroadcasts to alleviate this problem. Simulation results are presented, which show different levels of improvement over the basic flooding approach. },
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Ni, Sze-Yao and Tseng, Yu-Chee and Chen, Yuh-Shyan and Sheu, Jang-Ping},
	Booktitle = {MobiCom '99: Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM/IEEE international Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking},
	Date-Added = {2007-03-09 09:04:47 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:38:28 +0200},
	Keywords = {Broadcast, Communication, Mobile Ad Hoc Network, MANET, Mobile Computing, Wireless Network, WiFi},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Ni,%20The%20broadcast%20storm%20problem%20in%20a%20mobile%20ad%20hoc%20network.pdf},
	Month = {August},
	Pages = {151--162},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network},
	Url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/313451.313525},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Blum2005PTT--IMS--PTM--,
	Abstract = {The specification of the IP Multimedia Subsystem as a service delivery architecture for Next Generation Networks and the introduction of Push-To-Talk (PTT) as an IMSbased service moves VoIP applications for mobile devices already to the market. PTT has gained a strong following in the US market and is on the verge of spreading globally. The Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) currently specifies PTT as an IMS-based service to assure interoperability between different operator domains. Most PTT solution vendors think already about extending PTT with other media types then voice, like video communication, file transfer or service subscription for content push services. Thus, Push- To-MultiMedia (PTM) does not seem to be that far away from market and is well suited as an enabler to provide IMS applications with advanced multimedia communication functionalities.

The department for Next Generation Network Integration (NGNI) at Fraunhofer Institute FOKUS has created a PTM application that utilises the IMS architecture. This paper reports about a concept of integrating this PTT/PTM functionality in community-based applications to enable already existing groups and communities with new communication features},
	Address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
	Annote = {A Push to Multimedia service has been implemented by the competence center for Next Generation Network Infrastructure (NGNI) at Fraunhofer FOKUS. This service currently features voice and video capabilities. They've created a high level Application Programming Interface (API) for this service so as to allow developers to create services that are independent of the underlying network infrastructure.

They argue that there are four key technologies that mark IMS as the future of application oriented networks.
1. The IMS infrastructure makes it effortless and methodical to integrate diverse services into the framework. Interaction between such services are foreseen.
2. IMS integrates well with legacy services and thus allows for modular addition of  new services on top of existing infrastructure.
3. Another attractive feature of IMS is the availability of Quality of Service (QoS) within sessions.
4. IMS provides mechanisms for both offline and online charging. This allows for a higher degree of control when tailoring business models as charging for specific events is now possible.

The present PoC architecture is not completely compliant to the IMS specification and can thus be deemed a first test application for IMS.},
	Author = {Blum, Niklas and Magedanz, Thomas},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-27 01:18:20 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:39:44 +0200},
	Journal = {Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM'05)},
	Keywords = {IMS, IP Multimedia System, Push to Talk, Voice over IP, Push to Multimedia},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Blum,%20PTT%20+%20IMS%20=%20PTM%20-%20Towards%20Community-Presence-based%20IMS%20Multimedia%20Services.pdf},
	Pages = {337--344},
	Publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	Rating = {5},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{PTT + IMS = PTM} - Towards Community/Presence-based IMS Multimedia Services},
	Url = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ISM.2005.93},
	Year = {2005}}

@inproceedings{Sher2006Secure-access-t,
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Author = {Sher, Muhammad and Magedanz, Thomas},
	Booktitle = {Q2SWinet '06: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international Workshop on Quality of Service &Amp; Security For Wireless and Mobile Networks},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-26 18:36:44 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:38:56 +0200},
	Keywords = {IMS, 3G, IP Multimedia System, Generic Bootstrapping Architecture, Generic Authentication Architecture, Security and Privacy, Transport Layer Security, Authentication Proxy},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Sher,%20Secure%20access%20to%20IP%20multimedia%20services%20using.pdf},
	Month = {October},
	Pages = {17--24},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Secure access to {IP} multimedia services using generic bootstrapping architecture ({GBA}) for 3{G} \& beyond mobile networks},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Woodruff2004Push-to-Talk-So,
	Abstract = {This paper presents an exploratory study of college-age students using two-way, push-to-talk cellular radios. We describe the observed and reported use of cellular radio by the participants. We discuss how the half-duplex, lightweight cellular radio communication was associated with reduced interactional commitment, which meant the cellular radios could be used for a wide range of conversation styles. One such style, intermittent conversation, is characterized by response delays. Intermittent conversation is surprising in an audio medium, since it is typically associated with textual media such as instant messaging. We present design implications of our findings},
	Address = {Norwell, MA, USA},
	Annote = {Half duplex semi synchronous communication channels are different from from audio media in that at most one speaker can be understood at a time.

Participants were usually always contactable as they kept their radios with them and they were normally switched on. The half duplex nature of push to talk meant that conversations took less effort since the receiver could not and thus was not expected to provide immediate feedback as is normally found in full duplex conversations.},
	Author = {Woodruff, Allison and Aoki, Paul M.},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-26 18:00:30 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:39:20 +0200},
	Journal = {Computer Supported Cooperative Work},
	Keywords = {Cellular Radio, Instant Messaging, Two-Way Radio, Walkie-Talkies, Push to Talk},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Woodruff,%20Push-to-Talk%20Social%20Talk.pdf},
	Month = {December},
	Number = {5--6},
	Pages = {409-441},
	Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Push-to-Talk Social Talk},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2004}}

@inproceedings{Aoki2005Making-Space-fo,
	Abstract = {Pervasive personal communication technologies offer the potential for important social benefits for individual users, but also the potential for significant social difficulties and costs. In research on face-to-face social interaction, ambiguity is often identified as an important resource for resolving social difficulties. In this paper, we discuss two design cases of personal communication systems, one based on fieldwork of a commercial system and another based on an unrealized design concept. The cases illustrate how user behaviors concerning a particular social difficulty, unexplained unresponsiveness, can be influence by technological issues result in interaction ambiguity. The cases also highlight the need to balance the utility of ambiguity against the utility of usability and communicative quality.},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Annote = {They talk about how usually don't have the same urge to respond promptly when conversing in a half duplex semi synchronous environment. 

Conversations take place in bursts with no commitment on either party to reply in a timely fashion.

The half duplex nature of the conversation prevents overlap

Half duplex environments allow for more privacy. Audio is only transmitted while the transmitter is holding down the talk button. During conversation the receiver's actions are thus safe guarded. This gives the received a sense of plausible deniability.

},
	Author = {Aoki, Paul M. and Woodruff, Allison},
	Booktitle = {CHI '05: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-26 14:47:57 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:40:37 +0200},
	Keywords = {Mediated Communication, Ambiguity, Face-Work, Push to Talk, Leases},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Aoki,%20Making%20Space%20for%20Stories%20Ambiguity%20in%20the%20Design.pdf},
	Month = {April},
	Pages = {181--190},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Making Space for Stories: Ambiguity in the Design of Personal Communication System},
	Year = {2005}}

@unpublished{Woodruff2003Media-affordanc,
	Abstract = {This paper presents an exploratory study of college-age students using two-way, push-to-talk cellular radios. We describe the observed and reported use of cellular radio by the participants, the activities and purposes for which they adopted it, and their responses. We then examine these empirical results using mediated communication theory. Cellular radios have a unique combination of affordances relative to other media used by this age group, including instant messaging (IM) and mobile phones; the results of our analysis do suggest explanations for some observed phenomena but also highlight the counter-intuitive nature of other phenomena. For example, although the radios have many important dissimilarities with IM from the viewpoint of mediated communication theory, the observed use patterns resembled those of IM to a surprising degree.},
	Annote = {this paper is mainly focussed on how a group of users used the push to talk technology. It found that users used this type of COM channel for lightweight conversations. Another thing mentioned in this paper is that Push to talk seems to be perfect for instructional based communication where the 'boss' has to wait for the 'worker' to do something and then talk back explaining the results.

In a study done by Woodruff and Aoki they found that push to talk impacted on the social lives of users in various ways. Firstly having access to the more lightweight push to talk service made participants contact each other more often. This increased communication created a deeper understanding of fellow users, this coupled with the more frequency conversations led participants to seeing each other more often.

Some participants commented that prolonged conversations took considerable effort due to the speaking change cost and thus made using push to talk more difficult. Reduced interactional commitment was another issue. Push to talk conversations were not seen as a full fledged conversational contract.

Reduced accountability. This made conversational delays acceptable. Plausible deniability.

Divided attention. This was possible due to the pace of the conversation.

Note: Refer to table 1, it shows that push to talk is different from other types of communication and thus has a definite place.},
	Author = {Woodruff, Allison and Aoki, Paul M.},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-26 12:21:38 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:28 +0200},
	Keywords = {Push to Talk},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Woodruff,%20Media%20affordances%20of%20a%20mobile%20push-to-talk%20communication.pdf},
	Month = {September},
	Note = {Submitted for publication},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Media affordances of a mobile push-to-talk communication service},
	Url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.HC/0309001},
	Year = {2003}}

@mastersthesis{Kim2002TattleTrail:-An,
	Abstract = {Mobile communication has become a significant part of everyday life. The advent of mobile phones and PDA's has reinforced the necessity for people to be connected without being physically tied down. Communication is key, but current modalities are restricted to simple protocols such as telephony, and less expressive mediums 
such as text messaging. TattleTrail is an archiving audio chat application for mobile users that attempts to address current limitations in mobile communication by exploring novel communication modalities using voice as a medium over the flexible Internet Protocol (IP) network. TattleTrail acts as an application server within a mobile audio framework that supports different combinations of synchronous and asynchronous communication channels, archiving of chat messages, and new methods of interactively browsing speech. New transitions between synchronous and asyn-chronous communication, as well as hybrid channels concurrently supporting both modalities, have been explored, which point to new possibilities for mobile communication.},
	Author = {Kim, Jang Soo},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-26 11:54:15 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-04-26 15:33:28 +0200},
	Keywords = {Audio Applications, Audio User Interfaces, WiFi, Mobility},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Kim,%20TattleTrail%20An%20Archiving%20Voice%20Chat%20Systems.pdf},
	Month = {June},
	Rating = {2},
	Read = {Yes},
	School = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
	Title = {TattleTrail: An Archiving Voice Chat Systems for Mobile Users Over Internet Protocol},
	Year = {2002}}

@inproceedings{Schmandt2004Impromptu:-Mana,
	Abstract = {This paper discusses the software architecture of Impromptu, a mobile IP-based audio computing platform, with an associated set of network-based applications and services. Impromptu merges the communication properties and universal mobility of the telephone with the multi-tasking and open protocol world of the handheld PC. Its supporting architecture handles multiple streaming audio applications, provides speech services for consistent audio user interfaces across applications, and enables user management of these varied applications running simultaneously.},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Annote = {They recommend increasing buffering as network congestion increases, though, this increases latency but allows more time for stray packets to arrive. You can also introduce a retransmission scheme. It was also mentioned that you can switch to a lower quality codec in such cases. You can also slow down the speech output rate. If this is done well enough, it will allow a buffer to be built up.},
	Author = {Schmandt, Chris and Lee, Kwan Hong and Kim, Jang and Ackerman, Mark},
	Booktitle = {MobiSys '04: Proceedings of the 2nd international Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services},
	Cites = {0},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-26 11:01:28 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:40:43 +0200},
	Keywords = {Multi Tasking, Audio User Interfaces, Mobility, Voice over IP, WiFi, Audio Applications, Telephony, Architecture, Speech User Interfaces},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Schmandt,%20Impromptu%20Managing%20Networked%20Audio%20Applications.pdf},
	Month = {June},
	Pages = {59--69},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Impromptu: Managing Networked Audio Applications for Mobile Users},
	Year = {2004}}

@inproceedings{Schmandt2002Mediated-voice-,
	Abstract = {Impromptu is a mobile audio device which uses wireless Internet Protocol (IP) to access novel computer-mediated voice communication channels. These channels show the richness of IP-based communication as compared to conventional mobile telephony, adding audio processing and storage in the network, and flexible, user-centered call control protocols. These channels may be synchronous, asynchronous, or event-triggered, or even change modes as a function of other user activity. The demands of these modes plus the need to navigate with an entirely non-visual user interface are met with a number of audio-oriented user interaction techniques.},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Annote = {They talk about how value added services are becoming more popular. How the choice affects the way people are better able to choose the most suitable communication channel. Impromptu is multi modal semi synchronous communication software. Walkie-Talkie and emergency band radio conversations have the same bursty characteristics as push to talk channels. They say that the half duplex style of communication provided by push to talk limits extraneous environmental audio and keeps the audio elements conversationally focused. This adds more value to the chat log (if present) and makes the channel better suited to groups distributed in time and space.

Note: Look at [13]

They talk about a "catch up" mode for new comers to a group conversation. They mention that audio is particularly nice in "real life" situations where ones hands or eyes may be otherwise occupied.

This is definitely related work. [4] may be as well.},
	Author = {Schmandt, Chris and Kim, Jang and Lee, Kwan and Vallejo, Gerardo and Ackerman, Mark},
	Booktitle = {UIST '02: Proceedings of the 15th Annual ACM Symposium on User interface Software and Technology},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-26 09:41:37 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:40:23 +0200},
	Keywords = {Computer-mediated Communication, Ubiquitous Computing, Audio User Interfaces, Speech User Interfaces},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Schmandt,%20Mediated%20voice%20communication%20via%20mobile%20IP.pdf},
	Month = {October},
	Pages = {141--150},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Mediated voice communication via mobile IP},
	Year = {2002}}

@inproceedings{Niklfed2002Mobile-multi-mo,
	Abstract = {The paper discusses means to build multi-modal data services in existing GPRS infrastructures, and puts the proposed simple solutions into the perspective of technological possibilities that will become available in public mobile communications networks over the next few years along the progression path from 2G/GSM systems, through GPRS, to 3G systems like UMTS, or equivalently to 802.11 networks. Three demonstrators are presented, which were developed by the authors in an application-oriented research project co-financed by telecommunications companies. The first two, push-to-talk address entry for a route-finder, and an open-microphone map-content navigator simulate a UMTS or WLAN scenario. The third demonstrator implements a multi-modal map finder in a live public GPRS network using WAP-Push. Indications of usability are given. The paper argues for the importance of open, standards-based architectures that will spur attractive multi-modal services in the short term, as current economic difficulties in the telecommunications industry put support for long term research into more advanced forms of multi-modality in question.},
	Annote = {This paper talks about services for multi-modal applications. It talks about the capabilities of some of the mobiles available at the time. It argues that in order to promote the creation of multi modal data services for mobiles it is imperative that there be done work on the standards and architectures for this technology. It is also necessary that we work on the insights gained from research on multi modality research. },
	Author = {Niklfed, G. and Finan, M. and Finan, R. and Eckhart, W.},
	Booktitle = {ICMI '02: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE international Conference on Multimodal interfaces},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-26 08:41:07 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:40:18 +0200},
	Keywords = {Multi Modal Services, GPRS},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Niklfed,%20Mobile%20multi-modal%20data%20services%20for%20GPRS.pdf},
	Month = {October},
	Pages = {337--342},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Mobile multi-modal data services for {GPRS} phones and beyond},
	Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8346},
	Year = {2002}}

@inproceedings{Balazs2004Push-to-talk-pe,
	Abstract = {The paper considers end-to-end quality of service (QoS) aspects of the upcoming PoC (Push-to-talk over Cellular) service. Derived from the quality and performance requirements on signaling and media flows of this service, GPRS mechanisms and service parameters are discussed, which have significant influence on the end-user experience of the service. The impacts of mobile network elements are analyzed in terms of delay and bandwidth along the end-to-end transport path of GPRS networks. The paper concludes with an outlook on service quality enhancements, which will be possible with the deployment of the service in Enhanced GPRS and UMTS networks.},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Annote = {It talks about reccomendations of PoC end-to-end delays. It talks about performance matters regarding SIP headers, and RTP packets. It also talks about performance gains from the compression of various parts of the packets used during such sessions. It also talks about the delays incurred.

Graduallly we will see improvements in PoC as the quality and performance drawbacks are reduced. Current GPRS networks cannot guarantee the QoS expected from PoC because of limited bandwidth available for PS domain traffic. EDGPRS and UMTS networks will provide a much better domain for PoC.},
	Author = {Balazs, Andras},
	Booktitle = {SWiM '04: Proceedings of the 7th ACM international Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-25 21:09:08 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:39:25 +0200},
	Keywords = {Push to Talk, Performace, GPRS, QoS},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Balazs,%20Push-to-talk%20performance%20over%20GPRS.pdf},
	Month = {October},
	Pages = {182--187},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Push-to-talk performance over {GPRS}},
	Year = {2004}}

@inproceedings{Woodruff2003How-push-to-tal,
	Abstract = {This paper presents an exploratory study of college-age students using two-way, push-to-talk cellular radios. We describe the observed and reported use of cellular radio by the participants. We discuss how the half-duplex, lightweight cellular radio communication was associated with reduced interactional commitment, which meant the cellular radios could be used for a wide range of conversation styles. One such style, intermittent conversation, is characterized by response delays. Intermittent conversation is surprising in an audio medium, since it is typically associated with textual media such as instant messaging. We present design implications of our findings.},
	Address = {New York, NY, USA},
	Annote = {This paper discusses the communication patterns of people using half duplex communication. This communication take place using push to talk over a data connection (GPRS).

It was found that participants showed less commitment towards a conversation. The conversation types were of a more bursy and focused nature. Also there was less importance put on formal opening and closings between conversations.},
	Author = {Woodruff, Allison and Aoki, Paul M.},
	Booktitle = {GROUP '03: Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work},
	Cites = {7},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-25 15:42:18 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:40:51 +0200},
	Keywords = {Push to Talk, Social Interaction},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Woodruff,%20How%20push-to-talk%20makes%20talk%20less%20pushy.pdf},
	Location = {Sanibel Island, Florida, USA},
	Month = {November},
	Pages = {170--179},
	Publisher = {ACM Press},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {How push-to-talk makes talk less pushy},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Gibbons2006Municipal-Wi-Fi,
	Abstract = {This article describes some contemporary cases, explores the perspectives of municipalities, providers, and legislators, and examines some examples that could synchronize the various stake-holders' positions. We focus here mostly on US cases. Deployment of wireless services to cities and towns has become a topic of considerable controversy. At the center of the debate is the decision by municipalities to offer low-cost service to citizens who would normally be excluded from the Internet. This "digital divide" justification often pits large cities against incumbent telecommunications providers. Legislation at the national and state levels has been somewhat favorable to the providers so far, but this bias might be shifting as more large providers join, rather than oppose, municipal wireless projects.},
	Annote = {This paper basically talks about how some municipalities in the U.S. try and provide internet access to the less fortunate. They have opposition in the form of legislation as well as commercial entities.

It is argued that WiFi is going to become much more prevalent in both large and small cities. It was pointed out that large service providers such as AT&T and Time Warner are already showing interest and that this interest is set to soar especially once the market for such services reach the billion-dollar level.},
	Author = {Gibbons, J. and Ruth, S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-23 13:07:53 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-14 01:40:13 +0200},
	Journal = {IEEE Internet Computing},
	Keywords = {Municiple Municipality, WiFi},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Gibbons,%20Municipal%20Wi-Fi%20big%20wave%20or%20wipeout%3F.pdf},
	Month = {May-June},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {66--71},
	Rating = {2},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Municipal {Wi-Fi}: big wave or wipeout?},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Lozano-Gendreau2006VoWF-Vo-IP-over,
	Abstract = {Wireless telephony has become very popular in the past few years. However, the high costs of cellular systems make it necessary to find different technologies that can reduce the prices while keeping the efficiency and mobility. For this reason we explored the advantages and disadvantages of VoIP over Wi-Fi (VoWF), which means using wireless networks based on the IP protocol (like internet) to transmit voice.In this project we tested the performance of VoWF using Skype and X-Lite which are VoIP softwares and demonstrated to have similar behavior. We also used a software called WirelessMon that allowed us to monitor the status of the wireless network.Although VoWF has many advantages like low cost and easy implementation, we concluded that this technology is not ready to substitute cellular systems like GSM because it has three major problems which are: long handoff time, low range and low capacity. However VoWF can be a good complement for GSM.},
	Author = {Lozano-Gendreau, J.M. and z Halabi, Antoun and Choueiri, Maya and Besong, Valery},
	Date-Added = {2007-02-21 21:03:21 +0200},
	Date-Modified = {2007-05-13 22:01:49 +0200},
	Journal = {conielecomp},
	Keywords = {WiFi, Voice over IP},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fdaniels/Documents/MSc./Papers/Lozano-Gendreau,%20VoWF%20(Vo-IP%20over%20Wi-Fi).pdf},
	Pages = {2},
	Rating = {1},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{VoWF} (Vo-IP over Wi-Fi)},
	Url = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2006.63},
	Year = {2006}}
